TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE G: WASTE DISPOSAL
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
SUBCHAPTER c: HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
PART 728 LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section 728.101 Purpose, Scope, and Applicability
Section 728.102 Definitions
Section 728.103 Dilution Prohibited as a Substitute for Treatment
Section 728.104 Treatment Surface Impoundment Exemption
Section 728.105 Procedures for Case-by-Case Extensions to an Effective Date
Section 728.106 Petitions to Allow Land Disposal of a Waste Prohibited Pursuant to Subpart C
Section 728.107 Testing, Tracking, and Recordkeeping Requirements for Generators, Reverse Distributors, Treaters, and Disposal Facilities
Section 728.108 Landfill and Surface Impoundment Disposal Restrictions (Repealed)
Section 728.109 Special Rules for Characteristic Wastes
SUBPART B: SCHEDULE FOR LAND DISPOSAL PROHIBITION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF TREATMENT STANDARDS
Section 728.110 First Third (Repealed)
Section 728.111 Second Third (Repealed)
Section 728.112 Third Third (Repealed)
Section 728.113 Newly Listed Wastes
Section 728.114 Surface Impoundment Exemptions
SUBPART C: PROHIBITION ON LAND DISPOSAL
Section 728.120 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Dyes and Pigments Production Wastes
Section 728.130 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Wood Preserving Wastes
Section 728.131 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Dioxin-Containing Wastes
Section 728.132 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Soils Exhibiting the Toxicity Characteristic for Metals and Containing PCBs
Section 728.133 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Chlorinated Aliphatic Wastes
Section 728.134 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Toxicity Characteristic Metal Wastes
Section 728.135 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Petroleum Refining Wastes
Section 728.136 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Inorganic Chemical Wastes
Section 728.137 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Ignitable and Corrosive Characteristic Wastes Whose Treatment Standards Were Vacated
Section 728.138 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Newly-Identified Organic Toxicity Characteristic Wastes and Newly-Listed Coke By-Product and Chlorotoluene Production Wastes
Section 728.139 Waste-Specific Prohibitions: Spent Aluminum Potliners and Carbamate Wastes
SUBPART D: TREATMENT STANDARDS
Section 728.140 Applicability of Treatment Standards
Section 728.141 Treatment Standards Expressed as Concentrations in Waste Extract
Section 728.142 Treatment Standards Expressed as Specified Technologies
Section 728.143 Treatment Standards Expressed as Waste Concentrations
Section 728.144 USEPA Variance from a Treatment Standard
Section 728.145 Treatment Standards for Hazardous Debris
Section 728.146 Alternative Treatment Standards Based on HTMR
Section 728.148 Universal Treatment Standards
Section 728.149 Alternative LDR Treatment Standards for Contaminated Soil
SUBPART E: PROHIBITIONS ON STORAGE
Section 728.150 Prohibitions on Storage of Restricted Wastes
Section 728.APPENDIX B Treatment Standards (As concentrations in the Treatment Residual Extract) (Repealed)
Section 728.APPENDIX C List of Halogenated Organic Compounds Regulated under Section 728.132
Section 728.APPENDIX D Wastes Excluded from Lab Packs
Section 728.APPENDIX E Organic Lab Packs (Repealed)
Section 728.APPENDIX F Technologies to Achieve Deactivation of Characteristics
Section 728.APPENDIX G Federal Effective Dates
Section 728.APPENDIX H National Capacity LDR Variances for UIC Wastes
Section 728.APPENDIX I EP Toxicity Test Method and Structural Integrity Test
Section 728.APPENDIX J Recordkeeping, Notification, and Certification Requirements (Repealed)
Section 728.APPENDIX K Metal-Bearing Wastes Prohibited from Dilution in a Combustion Unit According to Section 728.103(c)
Section 728.TABLE A Constituent Concentrations in Waste Extract (CCWE)
Section 728.TABLE B Constituent Concentrations in Wastes (CCW)
Section 728.TABLE C Technology Codes and Description of Technology-Based Standards
Section 728.TABLE D Technology-Based Standards by USEPA Hazardous Waste Number
Section 728.TABLE E Standards for Radioactive Mixed Waste
Section 728.TABLE F Alternative Treatment Standards For Hazardous Debris
Section 728.TABLE G Alternative Treatment Standards Based on HTMR
Section 728.TABLE H Wastes Excluded from CCW Treatment Standards
Section 728.TABLE I Generator Paperwork Requirements
Section 728.TABLE T Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes
Section 728.TABLE U Universal Treatment Standards (UTS)
AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 7.2, 22.4, and 22.23e and authorized by Section 27 of the Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/7.2, 22.4, 22.23e, and 27].
SOURCE: Adopted in R87-5 at 11 Ill. Reg. 19354, effective November 12, 1987; amended in R87-39 at 12 Ill. Reg. 13046, effective July 29, 1988; amended in R89-1 at 13 Ill. Reg. 18403, effective November 13, 1989; amended in R89-9 at 14 Ill. Reg. 6232, effective April 16, 1990; amended in R90-2 at 14 Ill. Reg. 14470, effective August 22, 1990; amended in R90-10 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16508, effective September 25, 1990; amended in R90-11 at 15 Ill. Reg. 9462, effective June 17, 1991; amended in R90-11 at 15 Ill. Reg. 11937, effective August 12, 1991; amendment withdrawn at 15 Ill. Reg. 14716, October 11, 1991; amended in R91-13 at 16 Ill. Reg. 9619, effective June 9, 1992; amended in R92-10 at 17 Ill. Reg. 5727, effective March 26, 1993; amended in R93-4 at 17 Ill. Reg. 20692, effective November 22, 1993; amended in R93-16 at 18 Ill. Reg. 6799, effective April 26, 1994; amended in R94-7 at 18 Ill. Reg. 12203, effective July 29, 1994; amended in R94-17 at 18 Ill. Reg. 17563, effective November 23, 1994; amended in R95-6 at 19 Ill. Reg. 9660, effective June 27, 1995; amended in R95-20 at 20 Ill. Reg. 11100, effective August 1, 1996; amended in R96-10/R97-3/R97-5 at 22 Ill. Reg. 783, effective December 16, 1997; amended in R98-12 at 22 Ill. Reg. 7685, effective April 15, 1998; amended in R97-21/R98-3/R98-5 at 22 Ill. Reg. 17706, effective September 28, 1998; amended in R98-21/R99-2/R99-7 at 23 Ill. Reg. 1964, effective January 19, 1999; amended in R99-15 at 23 Ill. Reg. 9204, effective July 26, 1999; amended in R00-13 at 24 Ill. Reg. 9623, effective June 20, 2000; amended in R01-3 at 25 Ill. Reg. 1296, effective January 11, 2001; amended in R01-21/R01-23 at 25 Ill. Reg. 9181, effective July 9, 2001; amended in R02-1/R02-12/R02-17 at 26 Ill. Reg. 6687, effective April 22, 2002; amended in R03-18 at 27 Ill. Reg. 13045, effective July 17, 2003; amended in R05-8 at 29 Ill. Reg. 6049, effective April 13, 2005; amended in R06-5/R06-6/R06-7 at 30 Ill. Reg. 3800, effective February 23, 2006; amended in R06-16/R06-17/R06-18 at 31 Ill. Reg. 1254, effective December 20, 2006; amended in R07-5/R07-14 at 32 Ill. Reg. 12840, effective July 14, 2008; amended in R09-3 at 33 Ill. Reg. 1186, effective December 30, 2008; amended in R11-2/R11-16 at 35 Ill. Reg. 18131, effective October 14, 2011; amended in R12-7 at 36 Ill. Reg. 8790, effective June 4, 2012; amended in R13-15 at 37 Ill. Reg. 17951, effective October 24, 2013; amended in R16-7 at 40 Ill. Reg. 12052, effective August 9, 2016; amended in R17-14/R17-15/R18-12/R18-31 at 42 Ill. Reg. 24924, effective November 19, 2018; amended in R20-8/R20-16 at 44 Ill. Reg. 15495, effective September 3, 2020; amended in R25-22 at 49 Ill. Reg. 11420, effective August 27, 2025.
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section 728.101 Purpose, Scope, and Applicability
a) This Part identifies hazardous wastes that are restricted from land disposal and defines those limited circumstances under which an otherwise prohibited waste may continue to be land disposed.
b) Except as specifically provided otherwise in this Part or 35 Ill. Adm. Code 721, the requirements of this Part apply to persons that generate or transport hazardous waste and to owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.
c) Restricted wastes may continue to be land disposed as follows:
1) If a person has been granted an extension to the effective date of a prohibition under Subpart C or under Section 728.105, with respect to those wastes covered by the extension;
2) If a person has been granted an exemption from a prohibition under a petition under Section 728.106, with respect to those wastes and units covered by the petition;
3) A waste that is hazardous only because it exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste and that is otherwise prohibited under this Part is not prohibited if the following is true of the waste:
A) The waste is disposed into a non-hazardous or hazardous waste injection well, as defined in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 704.106(a); and
B) The waste does not exhibit any prohibited characteristic of hazardous waste identified in Subpart C of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 721 at the point of injection.
4) A waste that is hazardous only because it exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste and that is otherwise prohibited under this Part is not prohibited if the waste meets any of the following criteria, unless the waste is subject to a specified method of treatment other than DEACT in Section 728.140 or is D003 reactive cyanide:
A) Any of the following is true of either treatment or management of the waste:
i) The waste is managed in a treatment system that subsequently discharges to waters of the United States under a permit issued under 35 Ill. Adm. Code 309;
ii) The waste is treated for purposes of the pretreatment requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 307 and 310; or
iii) The waste is managed in a zero discharge system engaged in Clean Water Act (CWA)-equivalent treatment, as defined in Section 728.137(a); and
B) The waste no longer exhibits a prohibited characteristic of hazardous waste at the point of land disposal (i.e., placement in a surface impoundment).
d) This Part does not affect the availability of a waiver under Section 121(d)(4) of the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) (42 USC 9621(d)(4)).
e) The following hazardous wastes are not subject to any provision of this Part:
1) Waste generated by a VSQG, as defined in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 720.110;
2) Waste pesticide that a farmer disposes of under 35 Ill. Adm. Code 722.170;
3) Waste identified or listed as hazardous after November 8, 1984, for which USEPA has not promulgated a land disposal prohibition or treatment standard; and
4) De minimis losses of waste that exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste to wastewaters are not considered to be prohibited waste and are defined as losses from normal material handling operations (e.g., spills from the unloading or transfer of materials from bins or other containers or leaks from pipes, valves, or other devices used to transfer materials); minor leaks of process equipment, storage tanks, or containers; leaks from well-maintained pump packings and seals; sample purgings; relief device discharges; discharges from safety showers and rinsing and cleaning of personal safety equipment; rinsate from empty containers or from containers that are rendered empty by that rinsing; and laboratory waste that does not exceed one percent of the total flow of wastewater into the facility's headworks on an annual basis, or with a combined annualized average concentration not exceeding one part per million (ppm) in the headworks of the facility's wastewater treatment or pretreatment facility.
f) A universal waste handler or universal waste transporter (as defined in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 720.110) is exempt from Sections 728.107 and 728.150 for the hazardous wastes listed below. Such a handler or transporter is subject to regulation under 35 Ill. Adm. Code 733.
1) Batteries, as described in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 733.102;
2) Pesticides, as described in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 733.103;
3) Mercury-containing equipment, as described in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 733.104;
4) Lamps, as described in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 733.105;
5) Aerosol cans, as described in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 733.106; and
6) Paint and paint-related wastes, as described in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 733.107.
g) This Part is cumulative with the land disposal restrictions of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 729. The Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) must not issue a wastestream authorization under 35 Ill. Adm. Code 709 or Section 22.6 or 39(h) of the Act unless the waste meets the requirements of this Part as well as 35 Ill. Adm. Code 729.
h) Electronic Reporting. The filing of any document under any provision of this Part as an electronic document is subject to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 720.104.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (h) is derived from 40 CFR 3, 271.10(b), 271.11(b), and 271.12(h).
(Source: Amended at 49 Ill. Reg. 11420, effective August 27, 2025)
